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Europium
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- Europium is a chemical element with
the symbol Eu, Atomic Number 63, Atomic Weight 151.964, Melting
Point 1095 K (822°C or 1512°F), Boiling Point 1802 K (1529°C or
2784°F).
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Europium is a soft
silvery metal.
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Europium has been
identified spectroscopically in the sun and certain stars.
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Europium is one of
the less abundant rare-earth elements.
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Europium is never
found in nature as the free element, but there are many elements
containing Europium.
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Europium salts could
be mildly toxic by ingestion, but its toxicity has not been fully
investigated.
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Europium becomes a
superconductor when it is cooled below 1.8 K and compressed to above
80 GPa.
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Europium used in
nuclear reactors control rods.
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Europium phosphors
are used in television tubes to give a bright red colour and as an
activator for yttrium-based phosphors.
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The three key
isotopes of Europium are 151Eu, 152Eu, and 153Eu.
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Europium is
irritating to the eyes, skin, and respiratory system.
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Europium can be taken
into the body by eating food, drinking water, or breathing air.
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Europium is the most
active of the lanthanides.
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The most common ores
of europium are monazite, bastnasite, and gadolinite.
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Europium is prepared
by heating its oxide with lanthanum metal.
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Europium reacts
strongly with oxygen in the air, catching fire spontaneously.
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Europium is found in
a variety of ores, primarily bastnasite, monazite, and xenotime.
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Europium-152,
europium-154, and europium-155 are produced primarily as fission
products, europium-152 can also be produced by neutron activation of
nuclear reactor control rods.
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Europium is not found
in nature as a free element.
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