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Bio-Based Isobutanol
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- Isobutanol (IUPAC nomencature:
2-methyl-1-propanol) is an organic compound with the formula
(CH3)2CHCH2OH. This colorless, flammable liquid with a
characteristic smell is mainly used as a solvent. Its isomers
include n-butanol, 2-butanol, and tert-butanol, all of which are
more important industrially.
- Isobutanol is produced by the carbonylation of propylene. Two methods
are practiced industrially, hydroformylation is more common and
generates a mixture of normal and isobutyraldehydes, which are
hydrogenated to the alcohols and then separated. Reppe carbonylation
is also practiced.
- Isobutanol is also produced naturally during the fermentation of
carbohydrates and may also be a byproduct of the decay process of
organic matter.
- Isobutanol, along with other low
molecular weight alcohols can also produced by some engineered
microorganisms such as corynebacterium. A genetically engineered
strain of the bacterium Clostridium cellulolyticum converted
cellulose to isobutanol via isobutyraldehyde.
- Biobased isobutanol has emerged as a frontrunner in the race to end
the United States’ dependency on petroleum because it is a drop in
replacement for a variety of products. It can be sold in the
marketplace as both a solvent chemical and a fuel blendstock, or it
can be converted into four carbon building blocks called butenes,
which can be used to make 40 percent of all petrochemicals.
- Bio-based isobutanol is an ideal substitute for petroleum and
several other products. It can be used as a fuel blend stock or as a
solvent chemical.
- We have discovered a set of genotypic
adaptations that confer increased tolerance to
isobutanol stress.
- Our results are immediately
useful to further efforts to engineer more isobutanol tolerant
hoststrains of E.coli for isobutanol production.
- We suggest that rpoS and
post-transcriptional regulators, such as hfq,
RNA helicases, and sRNAs may be interesting mutagenesis targets for
future global phenotype engineering.
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