General
- Iron oxides
yield pigments that are widely used in the cosmetic field. They are
considered to be nontoxic, moisture resistant, and non bleeding. Iron
oxides graded safe for cosmetic use are produced synthetically in
order to avoid the inclusion of ferrous or ferric oxides, and
impurities normally found in naturally occurring iron oxides.
- Some of these
oxides are used in ceramic applications, particularly in glazing. Iron
oxides, along with oxides of other metals, provide the colours in some
glazes after being fired at a high temperature.
Process
- The
manufacturing processes for iron oxide pigments can be exactly
controlled, the modern synthesized versions usually are much purer,
have smaller particle sizes and greater tinting strength, and are much
more opaque than the natural iron oxides of the same type.
- They
can also be mixed to match precisely any yellow, orange, red or brown
hue, including near black browns. For these reasons the natural
pigments have been almost entirely replaced by synthetic oxide
mixtures, currently marketed in watercolors under the names venetian
red, english red, indian red, or light red (PR101)
and mars yellow (PY42,
PY119),
but are now also used in hues formerly made of natural red (PBr7)
or yellow (PY43)
iron oxides.
Market
- Demand in the US
for color pigments, including inorganic, organic and specialty types,
is forecast to increase 4.4 percent per year to $3.8 billion in 2011,
driven by a shift toward more expensive high-performance organic
pigments and specialty types. Steady increases in large pigment
markets such as paints and coatings will support volume growth.
Trade continues to have a large impact on the US pigment industry
(imports and exports account for about 25 percent of demand and
production value, respectively). Imports mostly consist of lower end
pigments while higher-quality products are exported.
- Western Europe
is the largest regional market for iron oxide pigments, followed by
North America, China accounts for the largest share of world
production , Germany produced over 70% of Western Europe’s supply or
about 18% of global supply in 2000 , India is The largest producer of
natural iron oxide pigments. Western Europe is a net exporter, while
other regions are net importers.
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