General
- The genus Lilium are
herbaceous flowering plants normally growing from bulbs, comprising a
genus of about 110 species in the lily family, Liliaceae. Lilies are
native to the northern temperate regions. They are commonly adapted to
either woodland habitats, often montane, or sometimes to grassland
habitats.
- The majority of
lilies are easy to grow, basic location being heads in the sun and feet
in the shade. Good drainage is essential. With the exception of L.
candidum, they should be planted twice as deep as the height of the
bulb. L. candidum should be barely covered with soil and is best planted
in late summer. The colors of pastel shades are best with a little shade
so they do not lose their color in the sun.
Germination Types:
- Lily species are
divided into two main groups according to their germination type:
epigeal and hypogeal. Epigeal seeds germinate usually immediately after
sowing without showing any signs of dormancy. The cotyledon emerges from
the seed at the same time as the radicle intrudes into the soil. The
growth of the small seedling continues, and a small plant is formed
without dormancy.
- Hypogeal germination
is usually controlled by dormancy which breaks only after the seed has
been exposed to cold treatment. During germination, the radicle grows
out of the seed but the cotyledon stays within the endosperm conducting
reserve nutrients to the forming primary bulblet. Dormancy is often
re-induced after the primary bulblet has formed, and another cold period
is required for further development of the plant.
Application
- The inter-specific
hybridization is an important tool in plant breeding. Inter-specific
hybridization in the genus Lilium has been conduced to produce novel
hybrids that can combine ornamental traits and resistance to virus and
fungal diseases from distantly related species.
- Upper leaf necrosis
(ULN) on Lilium 'Star Gazer' is a calcium deficiency disorder. It has
been shown that there are two primary mechanisms leading to ULN. The
first is a very low bulb calcium content that cannot meet Ca demand when
the upper leaves are expanding. The second is that young expanding
leaves of Lilium 'Star Gazer' are highly overlapped before flower buds
are visible.
Market
- Lilium growers in
the Nilgiris have called for creating the right ambience for an assured
market for their flowers. At one stage the main supply of lily bulbs was
from Oregon in USA where a substantial trade had been built up in pot
lily bulbs for the Easter Lily trade. There were also major growing
areas in Japan.
- In 1999 Netherlands
exported 158 million dormant lily bulbs to USA worth $32 million. Other
production areas for lily bulbs are Italy, Israel, South Africa, Chile,
New Zealand and Mexico. Turnover of all lilies went up by 4% in 1999,
but they still remain only 4th in the Dutch Auction cut flower
rankings.
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