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General
- Diapers are hygiene absorbent
products engineered to absorb and contain urine and faeces of a
baby. When used they are set and fastened around its legs and
bottom.
- There are three types of
diapers: reusable, biodegradable or otherwise recyclable, and
disposable
Process
- An average diaper weighs
between 45 and 50 g and is primarily made of pulp (fluff pulp),
polypropylene, polyethylene, super absorbent polymer (SAP), as well
as minor amounts of tapes, elastics and adhesive materials.
- Disposable diapers have
changed greatly during the past 30 years, but three basic design
components are used in any diaper. A diaper consists of an absorbent
core between a porous top-sheet and an impermeable back sheet. The
top-sheet must do three things: it must allow the urine to flow
through it, keep the liquid away from the baby’s skin, and retain
the structural integrity of the absorbent core. Usually it is made
of a porous, hydrophobic substance, for example, polyester or
polypropylene non-woven fabric. The back sheet helps keep the baby’s
clothing dry and is a nonporous, hydrophobic substance, such as a
polyethylene film. The absorbent core takes in the liquid,
distributes it to all regions of the core, and holds the liquid
under pressure from the baby.
Technology
- Recently a new diaper
technology has been developed which uses the diaper topsheet (the
part of the diaper that comes in contact with the infant’s skin) as
a vehicle for the delivery onto the skin of a petroleum (Vaseline )
– based formulation. It has been shown that formulation effectively
transfers to the diapered skin providing additional protection
against moisture and irritants.
Market
- The world baby diaper was
valued at $21 billion in 2004, up from $18.8 billion in 2000. The
most significant growth has occurred during that period in Western
Europe, up to $5.5 billion from under $4 billion in 2000, and
Eastern Europe, which increased to $1 billion from $500 million four
years ago.
- Growth for baby diapers is
considerably higher in other parts of the world, particularly in
Asia but also in Latin America and Africa. The background is a
higher birth rate and the fact that as living standards improve more
disposable diapers are used.
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