General
- Drainage can be
either natural or artificial. Conventional subsurface drainage systems
are of two types, vertical (tubewells) and horizontal (drainpipe)
systems. Biodrainage, can be less costly and more environmentally
friendly. It is a combined drainage-cum-disposal system. Biodrainage
relies on vegetation, rather than mechanical means, to remove excess
water.
- The driving force
behind the biodrainage concept is the consumptive water use of plants.
One of the major factors determining the sustainability of plant
productivity (and thus plant water use) processes is salt balance.
Application
& Technology
- Biodrains are
configured into two different types mainly Annular flow systems and
baffled flow systems. One metre length of bio-drain having a square
cross section of 1 sq ft is able to reduce the organic load by 70-75
per cent. In the case of annular flow systems similar fibrous pads
kept as concentric rings and wastewater flows through them with out
any significant obstruction to flow.
- The BioDrain
fluid management system can be used to dispose of fluid wastes from
many medical procedures. Bio-Polymer Slurry Drainage Trench
Technique is modification of the slurry trench method which
uses a biodegradable material instead of bentonite to support
narrow, vertical excavations.
- The introduction
of controlled drainage has the potential to improve the livelihoods
of farmers by reducing water application costs and maintaining
agricultural production in water short years. At the basin scale the
technique can save the quantity of water being used for irrigation.
Report
-
Biodrainage has not been used
extensively in large-scale projects, although it has promise under
the right conditions. Biodrainage removes excess groundwater through
transpiration by vegetation with high water use, such as eucalyptus
trees. Disadvantages are that biodrainage areas use potential
cropland, do not remove salts, and may interfere with water use by
crops.
- Drainage removes
excess water from the soil profile and provides a tool to control
soil salinity. Some soils drain naturally but in many irrigated
lands drainage systems have to be installed and operated to maintain
watertables at an acceptable level.
- Agricultural land
drainage systems are usually designed to cope with worst-case
situations in terms of crop rooting depths and drainage
requirements, as well as the expected loss of performance as systems
age. Farmers often over-irrigate to compensate for rapid removal of
water by drainage systems.
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