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Commiphora wightii (Guggal, Guggul or Mukul myrrh tree) is a flowering
plant in the family Burseraceae.
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It is
a shrub or small tree, reaching a maximum height of 4 m, with thin
papery bark.
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The
branches are thorny. The leaves are simple or trifoliate, the leaflets
ovate, 1-5 cm long, 0.5-2.5 cm broad, irregularly toothed.
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It is
gynodioecious, with some plants bearing bisexual and male flowers, and
others with female flowers. The individual flowers are red to pink, with
four small petals.
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The
extract, called gugulipid, guggulipid or guglipid, comes from the guggal
or guggul tree and has been used in Ayurvedic medicine, a traditional
Hindu medicine, for nearly 3,000 years in India.
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Guggul
is sought for its gummy resin, which is harvested from the plant's bark
through the process of tapping.
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Guggul
contains essential oils, myrcene, Z and E guggulsterones,
alpha-camphorene, various other guggulsterones, and makulol.
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Guggul
contains resin, volatile oils, and gum. The extract isolates ketonic
steroid compounds known as guggulsterones. These compounds have been
shown to provide the cholesterol- and triglyceride-lowering actions
noted for guggul.
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Guggul
significantly lowers serum triglycerides and cholesterol as well as LDL
and VLDL cholesterols.
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Guggul
resin is produced more abundantly and is stronger in potency during the
season of autumn; hence, Ayurveda states that guggul resin must be
collected in autumn.
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