Information@ a Glance
General
- Larches are conifers in
the genus Larix, in the family Pinaceae. They are native to much of the
cooler temperate northern hemisphere, on lowlands in the far north, and
high on mountains further south. Larches are among the dominant plants
in the immense boreal forests of Russia and Canada. Larix decidua, Larix
kaempferi and Larix laricina are the species most commonly trained as
bonsai.
- They are deciduous
trees, growing from 15-50 m tall. The shoots are dimorphic, with growth
divided into long shoots typically 10-50 cm long and bearing several
buds, and short shoots only 1-2 mm long with only a single bud. The
leaves are needle-like, 2-5 cm long, slender (under 1 mm wide). They are
borne singly, spirally arranged on the long shoots, and in dense
clusters of 20-50 needles on the short shoots. The needles turn yellow
and fall in the late autumn, leaving the trees leafless through the
winter.
Growth
Information
- Larch is valued in
forestry for its wood, which is tough, waterproof and durable, with top
quality knot-free timber being in great demand for building yachts and
other small boats. Larch has also been used in herbal medicine; In
central Europe remembered as best wood material for residences building.
Planted on borders with birch both tree species were used in pagan
sagged cremations.
- The longest life of
one dead larch tree was 813 years with pith dating back to the beginning
of the 9th Century A.D. We found two dead stands with vertical in situ
larch trunks excellently preserved on a plateau below the Kizil-Tash
Glacier and on a lateral moraine terrace of the Korumdu Glacier.
-
In Siberia young larch
branches are at spring harvested, preserved by lactobacillus
fermentation are used as salad during winter. Larch is used as a food
plant by the larvae of a number of Lepidoptera species - see list of
Lepidoptera which feed on Larches. The tree was a running gag in Monty
Python sketches.Also, larches are often utilized in bonsai culture,
where their knobby bark, small needles, fresh spring foliage and
especially autumn colors are appreciated.
Production
& Processing
- One of the most
important constituent part of project of complex waste-free processing
of larch wood is the extraction of biologically active compounds from
wood. The wood of two species of larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb. and L.
gmelinii (Rupr.) Rupr.), which are widely distributed all over Siberia,
is rich by its content of polysaccharide arabinogalactan (AG) and
bioflavonoid dihydroquercetin (DQ).
-
Western larch [Larix
occidentalis Nutt. (Pinaceae)] is a monoecious, deciduous conifer that
occurs in the upper Columbia
River Basin of North America (British Columbia, Montana, Idaho,
Washington, and Oregon). Its seed and pollen cones commonly occur in the
upper and lower parts of the crown, respectively, but considerable
overlap exists. - Western larch (Larix
occidentalis Nutt.) commonly grows in mixed stands, and is a relatively
important tree species in the Nelson Forest Region. Western larch’s
range is relatively small,from Okanagan Lake east to the western flank
of the Rocky Mountains, and north to Shuswap and Columbia lakes. Its
elevational range is limited by drought at low elevations and by cold
temperatures at high elevations.
Properties
- Larch timber has a pale
creamy brown sapwood and a dist inct ly reddish brown hear twood which
is naturally durable and strong. This inherent durability and strength
means that it has t raditionally been used for fencing, gate material,
boat building and other outdoor uses. The effective preser vative
treatment of other timbers has led to a situation where larch is not as
important a timber as it once was.
- Jack pine and hybrid
larch have better early growth and survival on these soils than red pine
and white spruce. From the soil and growth relations, hybrid larch
growth was not related to organic mat-ter and had better growth in the
loamier textures of the site.
Market
- The stock volume of
export logs at the ports of Nakhodka and Vladivostok combined is 300-350
thousand m3, which is a normal level at this time of year.Low grade logs
intended for China occupy roughly 50%. Exporters wouldn’t change the
tough position for red pine logs. At Wanino as well, about half of its
stock of spruce and larch is of low grade. Red pine logs command $155
(CIF), about the same level as the previous month, spruce remained flat
around $145 as Korean ports are fully occupied, and larch $154, which is
strengthening. Red pine genban (cants) KD is priced for $330 and green
$285, nearly at the same level as the previous month.
- Japanese larch is
native to a 363-km2 area in the mountains of central Honshu, where it
grows in scattered stands at elevations of 900 to 2,800 m. Despite this
small native range, test plantings of Japanese larch in several parts of
the United States and eastern Canada, Japan, China, Great Britain, and
Germany have shown significant differences among seed sources in tree
height, survival, terminal bud set on leader, number of branchlets,
insect resistance, winter and spring cold damage, and susceptibility to
sulfur fumes.
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