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General
- The pineapple (Ananas
comosus) is a tropical plant and fruit.
- The word "pineapple",
first recorded in 1398, was originally used to describe the reproductive
organs of conifer trees (now termed pine cones).
- In Spanish pineapples
are called ananá ("ananás", in Spain) or piña (see the piña colada
drink).
- The
pineapple is the leading edible member of the family Bromeliaceae which
embraces about 2,000 species.
- Bromelain is a
complex mixture of substances that can be extracted from the stem and
core fruit of the pineapple.
Growth
- A large, sweet
pineapple grown especially in Brazil is called abacaxi.
- Pineapple is mostly
grown at low elevations in areas with a temperature range of 15 to 30ºC.
- Pineapple can be
grown in a wide range of soils, but does not tolerate waterlogging. It
can be grown as a pure crop on plantation scale or as an intercrop in
coconut gardens.
- Pineapple can be cut
and peeled in a variety of ways.
Cultivation
- Pineapples are
readily reproduced by vegetative propagation, using crowns, slips, or
suckers.
-
Pineapples should be planted where
the temperature remains warmest, such as the south side of a home, or in
a sunny portion of the garden or home.
-
The pineapple spread from its
original area through cultivation.
-
Pineapple is planted in double
hedge system for convenient intercultural operations.
Uses
-
Pineapple
oil or essence is used as flavoring for confectionery.
-
In
addition to its nourishing uses, the pineapple has long served medicinal
purposes in folk medicine.
-
The
non-food use of the pineapple, which is associated only in the
Philippines, is the fabric woven from the fibers extracted from its
leaves.
Pineapple juice has been employed for cleaning machete and knife blades
and, with sand, for scrubbing boat decks.
Market
- South Africa
produces 2.7 million cartons of canned pineapple yearly and exports 2.4
million.
- The
ten leading exporters of fresh pineapples were (in descending order):
Taiwan (39,621 tons), Puerto Rico, Hawaii, Ivory Coast, Brazil, Guinea,
Mexico, South Africa, Philippines and Martinique (5,000 tons). The ten
leading exporters of processed pineapples were (in descending order):
Hawaii, Philippines, Taiwan, South Africa, Malaysia (Singapore), Ivory
Coast, Australia, Ryukyu, Mexico, Thailand (10,500,000 tons).
- Hawaii produces
500,000 tons of pineapples each year.
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More than a million tonnes of
fresh pineapple is traded.
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According to FAO, more than 80
countries produce nearly 14 million tonnes of pineapple.
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Cultivation, Processing, Technology, Applications, Patent, Consultants, Company Profiles,
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