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General
- Potato (informally tattie, tater,
spud, tato, pota, spudzie or tate) is the term which applies either to
the starchy, tuberous root vegetable crop from the various subspecies of
the perennial plant Solanum tuberosum of the Solanaceae, or nightshade,
family, or to the plant itself.
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Potato is the world's fourth important food crop after
wheat, rice and maize because of its great yield potential and high
nutritive value.
- Potato plants grow high to the ground
and bear yellow to silver flowers with yellow stamens.
- In a potato tuber, about 80
% is water and the rest is dry matter.
Growth
- Potatoes are generally grown from the
eyes of another potato and not from seed.
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Spring potato is one of major cash crop in Kangra district particularly
in Nagrota Bagwan, Bhawarna and Bhedumahadev Blocks.
- The potato is a tuber grown
underground on a specialized plant part (subterranean stem) known as
stolon.
- A potato plant can
also be propagated through botanical seeds, which are known as True
Potato Seeds (TPS).
Cultivation & Process
- Eliminating all root-weeds is
desirable in potato cultivation.
- The first cultivated potato species
were diploid (some of them are still cultivated in South America). The
development of the modern varieties was related to the spontaneous
occurence of tetraploid species that were superior in yield.
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Anthocyanins, as secondary plant substance in different
agricultural crops such as potatoes and cereals have positive effects on
health due to their antioxidant capacity.
Market
Potato's Annual world production currently totals 274 million tons
on18 million hectares.
The Russian Federation ranks as the world’s largest
producer of potato, followed closely by China. China and India account
for an additional 22 percent.
In India, more than 80% of the potato crop is raised in
the winter season (Rabi) under assured irrigation during short winter
days from October to March.
Potatoes are grown in about 150 countries throughout the
world and more than a billion people worldwide eat potato. About 328.87
million tonnes of potato are produced in the world over an area of about
19.13 million hectare.
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