General
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A
spring is a device that changes its shape in response to an external
force, returning to its original shape when the force is removed.
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The
energy expended in deforming the spring is stored in it and can be
recovered when the spring returns to its original shape.
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Springs are usually made out of hardened steel.
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Small
springs can be wound from pre-hardened stock, while larger ones are made
from annealed steel and hardened after fabrication.
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Springs are classified according some of its properties.
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Depending on load it can classifies as: Tension/Extension spring,
Compression spring, Torsional spring.
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In
tension/extension and compression there is axial load. On the other hand
in the torsional spring there is torsional force.
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Most
springs (not stretched or compressed beyond the elastic limit) obey
Hooke's law, which states that the force with which the spring pushes
back is linearly proportional to the distance from its equilibrium
length.
Making
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Steel
alloys are the most commonly used spring materials. The most popular
alloys include high-carbon (such as the music wire used for guitar
strings), oil-tempered low-carbon, chrome silicon, chrome vanadium, and
stainless steel.
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Other
metals that are sometimes used to make springs are beryllium copper
alloy, phosphor bronze, and titanium.
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Rubber
or urethane may be used for cylindrical, non-coil springs. Ceramic
material has been developed for coiled springs in very high-temperature
environments.
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Manufacturing process of steel-alloy, coiled springs include Coiling,
hardening, and finishing.
Technology and Applications
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A
Company in California uses HELI-CAL Flexure technology to produce high
performance, machined springs in a way that takes much of the guesswork
out of the design and manufacturing processes.
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The
gas springs of the LIFT-O-MAT and BLOC-O-LIFT series from STABILUS
provide comfortable and safe lifting, lowering, and positioning of
flaps, lids, and hoods.
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STABILUS has also developed highly compact gas spring types for trailer
applications, they are easy to install and follow the rules of space
optimization.
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The
gas springs of are also used for the manufacture of highly functional
and ergonomic vehicle and airplane seats
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